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Brendon Hills
The Brendon Hills are a range of hills in west Somerset, England. The hills merge level into the eastern side of Exmoor and are included within the Exmoor National Park. The highest point of the range is Lype Hill at above sea level with a secondary summit several kilometres to the southeast at . Both points are marked by Ordnance Survey trig points and are located within enclosed farmland. Early versions of the name include ''Brunedun'' and ''Brundon'' reflecting an original name of ''Bruna'' or ''Brune'', meaning 'brown one'. ''Dun'' is a common Old English word for a fairly flat and extensive hill.〔Gelling, M. and Cole, A. 2000 ''The Landscape of Place-names'' Shaun Tyas, Stamford, Lincs p164 et seq〕〔Gelling, M. 1993 ''Place-names in the Landscape'' Dent, London p145,147〕 This name is not connected with the village of Brendon in Devon, the name of which has a different origin.〔Ekwall, E. 1981 ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names'', Fourth edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford p63〕
The terrain is broken by a series of deeply incised streams and rivers running roughly southwards to meet the River Haddeo, a tributary of the River Exe. The hills are quite heavily cultivated unlike their neighbouring upland areas of Exmoor and the Quantock Hills. The Brendon Hills are largely formed from the Morte Slates, a thick faulted and folded sequence of Devonian age sedimentary rocks. An east-west aligned anticline/syncline pair known as the Brendon Anticline and Brendon Syncline folds these rocks. The fold couplet is itself offset by displacement of the rocks on the NNW-SSE aligned Timberscombe Fault System.〔Webby, B.D. 1965 ''Proceedings of the Geologists' Association'' volume 76, part 1 qutoed at http://www.westsomersetmineralrailway.org.uk/〕 Over the centuries they have been mined for minerals, notably ironstone from which iron is extracted for making steel. During the 19th century this activity reached a peak with the West Somerset Mineral Railway, including an incline, being built to take the ore to Watchet from where it was sent to Ebbw Vale for smelting. The main mining operations ended when the mines were worked out towards the end of the 19th century.
The hills are on the route of the Coleridge Way and are also crossed by the Samaritans Way.〔Ordnance Survey 1:25,000 scale 'Explorer map' sheet OL9 ''Exmoor''〕
== References ==
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